फिर अपना पैर पसार रहा है, चेचक , भयंकर रोग असान इलाज | smallpox

 फिर अपना पैर पसार रहा है, चेचक , भयंकर रोग असान इलाज  | smallpox

What is smallpox ?

            Smallpox ko hindi me “Chechak” bolte hai, aur ganv-ghar me “Chhoti mata” bhi kahte hai. Yah ek bahut hi bhayankar & viral infection hai. Yah “Variola virus ” se hota hai aise ise “smallpox virus ” bhi  kahte hai.

फिर अपना पैर पसार रहा है, चेचक , भयंकर रोग असान इलाज  | smallpox
            Is bimari me sabse pahale fever dekhane ko milta hai,  sath hi vometting bhi hota hai. Isake baad munh me chhale aur skin par “lal chakkate” banna shuru hota hai.

            Kuchh dino ke baad lal chakkate me “characteristic fluid” bhar jate hai aur center me ek gaddha ho jata hai. Usake baad us lal chakkte ke upari layer par  “papdi” ban jati hai aur kuchh din me khud hi gir jati hai.

            Chechak hone walon 10 me se 3 logon ko death ho jati hai. Jo log bach jate hai unke sharir par gaddhe(spot) aur kabhi nahi khatm hone wale nishan rah jate hai. Isake sath kuchh log andhe(blind) bhi rah jate hai. aisa history me dekhane ko milata hai.

            Fewer than 5 thousands case har saal india me milate hai.

History of smallpox ?

History se pata chalta hai ki yah karib 3000 saal pahale se moujud hai. Average har 10 smalpox patient me se 3 ki death ho jati hai. Misr ki “mumyion” me is bimari ka sabse pahala praman milta hai lagbhag 1500 isha purv.

            Yah bimari aitihashik rup se  prakopon me hui thi. History me 6 smarat ki isse death hui thi. 1967 ke aspas ek saal me  15 million mamle samne aaye the.

            1796 me “Edward Jenner” ne modern smallpox vaccine ko banaya tha. Usake baad 1967 me WHO ne is bimari ko khatm karne ki pura koshish ki  1980 tak puri duniya se chechak ki safaya kiya gaya tha. Ab yah kahi bhi normally nahi paya jata hai, isliye isaki “routine-vaccine” nahi di jati hai.

            Natural hone wale chechak ki aakhiri mamla 1977 me darj kiya gay tha. Isaki sample lab me rakhe gaye hai, and ab lab me “chechak-virus” ko jab chahe tab paida kiya ja sakta hai.

            Ho sakta hai future me ise “Bio-weapon” ki tarah istemal kiya ja sakta hai.

How spread smallpox ?

            Jab kisi ko bhi chechak hota hai ya wah chechak virus ke sampark me aata hai, to normally first symptoms 12 se 14 dino me dikhai dene shuru hote hai. Halanki yah aapko bimar karane ya dikhane se 7 se 19 din pahale se hi aapke sharir me rah rha hota hai. Is period ko “incubation period” kahte hai.           

Incubation period ke baad, achanak flu jaise symptoms dikhai dene shuru hote hai, jisme shamil hai –

  • Bukhar.
  • Muscles paim(dard).
  • Headache(sir dard).
  • Tiredness(Tej thakan).
  • Back pain(Pith dard).
  • Vometting sometime(Ulti).
  • Spots(dane)

Isake baad aapke sharir par lal chakkate aur dhabbe dikhai dene lagte hai. Normally yah sabse pahale  munh” aur “tongue”(jibh) me dikhai dete hai, usake baad 2-3 din me pure sharir par dikhai dene lagte hai.

Normally  Face, hath & pair par pahale dikahte hai, usake baad pure body me dikhane lagte hai.

            2 dino ke bhitar kuchh dhabbe  clear fluid” se bhar jate hai, usake baad pure sharir ke dhabbe me “pus” bhar jate hai. In ghawon ko “Pustules” kahte hai.

            Usake 8 se 9 dino ke baad un phaphole ke upari  hisse par “Papdi” bante hai, aur kuchh din me khud hi gir jate hai, jiske baad gahre gaddhedar nisan dekhane ko milte hai.

            Papdi girane ke baad shuru hota hai main khel , ab yah infection ek body se dusare body jane ke liye taiyar hai,  ya bole to ab yah asani se pariwar me fail sakta hai. Isake alawa –

            Human to human – agar aap kisi aise person ke sath rahte hai, jise chechak abhi hai. Yah infected person ke khansane-chhinkane ya samne se baat karne se bhi failta hai. Isake sath hi isake ghaw ke pus se asani se failta hai.

            Contaminated items – chechak contaminated  clotthing and bedding  se bhi fail sakta hai, lekin aise mamle dekhane ko bahut kam milta hai.

            Saliva  – yah infected person ke saliva se bhi failta hai, jaise – kissing, jutha paani ya khana, respiratory droplet.

            Skin to skin contact -  Infected person ke skin se touch hone se bhi failta hai, jaise- Handshake, hugs, sath sona.

            Blood products – jaise uncleaned needle, infected needle, unscreened blood.

Types of smallpox

          Abhi tak chechak ke kuchh types mile hai. Jo slightly different hai ek dusare se- Ordinary Smallpox,  Modified type Smallpox, Flat type (malignant) smallpox & Hemorrhagic smallpox.

            Ordinary smallpox – Yah bahut hi normal type hai chechak ka. Inme upper diye gaye symptoms dekhane ko milte hai. Normally 85% chechak me ordinary chechak hi hote hai. Inse infected patient ko 10 me se 3 ki death ho jati hai.

            Modified type Smallpox – Yah un logon ko hua tha jinhe vaccine di gayi thi. Yah bhi ordinary chechak ki saman hi tha lekin isme dane chhote-chhote aur kam gambhir the. Sath hi yah jaldi thik bhi ho gaye, aur maximum log isse bach gaye

            Flat type (malignant) smallpox – normally chechak ki tulana me flat type ki chechak ke first symptoms adhik gambhir hote hai. Lekin phaphole ya dane ek sath gayab ho jate hai. Inke dano me hardness ya liquid nahi hote hai, halanki flat soft dane bante hai lekin papdi nahi bante hai.

            Flat type smallpox bachchon me adhik dekha gaya hai, jo ghatak bhi hai.

            Hemorrhagic smallpox – Pahale pregenent women me normally Hemorrhagic smallpox dekhane ko milta tha. Isake bhi first symptoms gambhir hote the. Lekin dane hard ya liquid bhara nahi hota hai. Halanki ghaw ke niche se blood niklata hai, jisake karan wah kali ya jali hui dikhati hai. Isse internal bleeding and organ failure bhi huye hai. Yah bhi hamesha ghatak raha hai.

Complication of Smallpox

            Chechak ki main complication thi usaki gaddhedar nisan, isake alawa bhi kuchh complication shamil hai-

  • Blindness.
  • Encephalitis.
  • Bronchopneumonia (lungs ki chhoti hawa ki thaili me sujan).
  • Bacterial infection.
  • Arthritis.

Chechak itana Ghatak kyo tha ?

                        Aajtak chechak se jitani bhi death hui hai, specialist confirm nahi hai ki wo death chechak se hi hui hai

  • Cytotoxicity (isme virus tissue ko nuksan pahunchata hai aur marta hai).
  • Kidney  failure.
  • Neomonia (isse lungs ko nuksan pahunchta hai, sath hi sans lene me dikkat hoti hai aur organ tak bharpur oxygen nahi pahunch pati hai.)
  • Hypovolemic shock.
  • Hemorrhagic smallpox (jisse blood ki kami aur oragan kharab hone lagte hai)

How to control smallpox ?

            Virus ko control karne ke liye ya isake viral hone se rokane ke liye sabse pahale infected person ko pariwar se alag kar diya jata hai. Sath hi kuchh gharelu nuskhe bhi apnaye jate hai.

            Aise market me 2 vaccine uplabhd hai – “ACAM2000”  & “Jynneos”. Jo log infected person ke najdik rahte hai, unko bhi diya jata hai. Ek vaccine aapko bimar hone se bacha sakta hai ya hone par kam bimar kar sakta hai. Vaccine virus ke aane se ek week pahle ya ek week baad diya jata hai.

            ACAM2000 vaccine me living virus ka use hota hai jo chechak ki hi tarah hota hai, lekin kam hanikarak hota hai. Lekin kabhi-kabhi yah gambhir side effect karta hai, jaise Heart ya Brain infection.

            Isliye yah vaccine sabhi ko nahi di jati hai. Jab tak chechak ka virus na ho, normally maximum logon ke liye vaccine ka use profit se jyada lose hai, isliye sabhi ko nahi di jati hai.

Waise chechak vaccine isi tarah ke aur bhi virus infection jaise- Mpox, Monkeypox & cowpox  jaise infection se bhi bachate hai.

To dosto aaj humne details me jana ek gambhir aur bhayanak bimari ke bare. Ummid karte hai yah jankari aapko swasth & Jawan rahane me help karegi. 

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