टेटनस का वैक्सीन कितना जरुरी है और कब जानलेवा हो जाता है टेटनस ? हर जगह मौजूद है टेटनस | Tetanus
Tetanus ke bare me aapane jarur suna hoga aur kai baar to tetanus ka injection bhi liya hoga. Yah ek purana janlewa bimari hai, Lekin aapko batate chale ki isaki abhi tak koi special test ya ilaaj nahi aayi hai market me. 2500 sal se is par research hi chal rahi hai.
Tetanus itana purana janlewa bimari
hai ki isse har sal hajaron jane jati hai, and aaj tak isaka koi treatment nahi
mil paya hai. Yah bimari nervous system par attack karti hai, Jabde jakad jate
hai, and itana kaskar jakadte hai ki mano koi koi mauh me tala laga diya ho,
isliye tetanus ko “Jawlock” bhi kahate hai.
Body akad kar dhanush ki tarah
mud(bend) ho jata hai. Isliye is bimari ko aayurved me is bimari ko
“dhanustambh” bhi kaha jata hai. Isame sharir ke muscles sikudane, aenthane lagati
hai, jisse sharir ki haddiyan bhi tut jati hai. Isake sath “Heart” & “Kidney” bhi fail ho jati hai.
Tetanus Bacteria
Tetanus ka infection “clostridium
tetani” namak bacteria se failta hai. Iske bacteria soil, dust, gobar &
animal ke mal(waste) me paye jate hai. Yah oxygen ke sampark me aane par jinda
nahi rah pate hai. Ise medical language me “spore” kahate hai. Yaani bijanu, jo
poudhon ke bij(seed) ki tarah kam karta hai. Yah 40-60 sal tak jinda rah sakta
hai. Oxygen nahi hone par yah teji se badhta hai.
Yah sharir ke ander chot lage hisse
ya ghaw(wound) se pahunchata hai. Yah itana majboot hota hai ki yah antiseptic
se bhi nahi marta hai, adhiktar medicine bhi kam nahi karte hai. Isake sath
pani me boil karane ya barf(ice) me jamane se bhi yah nahi marta hai. Tetanus
ke bacteria ko high pressure and 121o temperature par marane me bhi
15-20 minute lag jate hai.
Isliye agar kabhi chot lage ya
ghaw(wound) ho to forst ad jarur kare, taki tetanus ka infection na ho.
Tetanus v/s Rusty iron (Jang lage loha)
Aapko bahut pahale se hi log jang
lage lohe se bachane ko bataya gaya hoga, lekin isake alawa arse se dhul-mitti
& gurd me padi lakadi, plastic ya koi bhi aisi chij, jisme bacteria hai,
agar usse aapko chot lagati hai, kat lagta hai ya ghaw hota hai, to tetanus ho
sakata hai.
Jang lage lohe se bachane ke liye is
liye kaha jata hai, kyonki lohe me jab jang kagti hai to wah khurdura ho jata
hai and us par asani se tetanus ka bacteria chipak jate hai, and us lohe se aapko kat laganen ka sambhawana
bhi adhik hoti hai, isliye usse bachane ke liye bola jata hai.
Simple language me bole to – aapke
body par kisi bhi chij se kat lage and usse bacteria ander chale jaye, to
tetanus ho sakta hai. Agar bacteria rahit koi chij se sakata hai, aur turant
aap first aid karte hai, to infection ka dar nahi hai.
Aaj bhi log kate ya jale par gobar
laga dete hai, aisa karna tetanus ka bulana mana jayega.
Poision
Sharir me jate hi yah bacteria blood
me “Tetanospasminn” & “Tetanolicin” namak jahar(poision) release karate
hai. Yah poision muscles & neurons par attack karte hai, sath hi tissue ko
damage karte hai. Jisse neurons & muscles ko active rakhane wale system
puri tarah kam karna band karane lagate hai. Tissue inactive ho jate hai ya
“lakwa” marna bhi kah sakate hai. Muscles aenthane and sikudane ke karan phat
jati hai.
Yah jahar central nervous system me
ghuskar “neurotransmeter” ko thap kar
deta hai. Neurotransmeter ek tarah ka body ka communication system hai. Kab,
kaha, kya karna hai, yah batana usaka kam hai. Infection ke 2-14 days ke baad
sehat bigadane lagti hai.
Jab isaka jahar brain tak pahunch
jata hai to phir jinda bachane ki ummid chhod dena padta hai. Body kam karna
chhod deti hai. Pasina aane lagta hai, sath hi blood pressure teji se up-down
karne lagti hai, sath hi heart beat bhi kabhi slow to kabhi fast hone lagti
hai. Usake baad “cardiac arrest” se heart achanak kam karna band kar deta hai.
Types of Tetanus
Loclise
tetanus – Body ki jis part me
infection hai, asar sirf wahi tak rahta hai.
Cerebral
tetanus
- Jo ghaw neck ke upper hota hai, usse infection failta hai, isse
head, neck & face ke muscles prabhawit hote hai.
Jounerlised
tetanus – Is infection ka asar
pure sharir me hota hai.
Neonatal
tetanus – Yah infection mother se
child me aata hai, un case me jab maa tetanus ka injection na li hoti hai.
(sahi
se treatment na hone se localized & cerebral tetanus ka asar bhi pure
sharir me fail jata hai.)
Body bend kyo ho jata hai
Dr. Ke mutabik tetanus ka poision
muscles & neurons ko prabhawit karti hai, and body muscles akadane lagati
hai. Sharir dhanush ki tarah bend ho jati hai. Ise advance ya progressive
tetanus kahate hai.
Infection jaise-jaise badhta hai, usake gambhir asar
najar aate hai—
Dam ghutana – Tetanus ke
infection ki wajah se gale & pet ki muscles sikudkar akadna shuru kar deta
hai, jisse sans lene me problem & dam ghutana shuru ho jata hai.
Lungs me blockage – Isake
poision ki wajah se lungs me blood clott hona, and nason ka block hona dikhata
hai.
Neomonia – Lungs me infection
se neomonia bhi ho sakata hai.
Bone fracture – Body muscles
ko sikud kar fatane ki wajah se sharir ki haddiyan bhi tut jati hai..
Jan par banna – Isake
infection se nervous system & breathing me samasya hone lagati hai. Isake
patient 10 me se 02 nahi bach pate hai.
90% case me bachche ki jan chali jati hai
Pregenency ke douran mother se child
ko bhi tetanus ho sakta hai, ise “maternal tetanus” kahate hai. Jabki janm ke
28 days ke bhitar hua infection “neonatal tetanus” bola jata hai. WHO ke anusar
“neonatal tetanus” me janm ke baad 2 days tak bachche ro sakate hai, breast
feed bhi kar sakte hai, lekin 3 se 28 days ke bhitar bachche ki muscles akadane
lagati hai.
Normally delivery ke samay “naal”
katate samay hui laparwahi ki wajah se maa-bachche dono ke liye dangerous hote
hai. Isake karan hui tetanus ki wajah se 90% foetus ki jan chali jati hai.
Chhote bachche aksar mitti aur
aaspas padi chijon ko muh me dal lete hai. Agar in chijon me tetanus ka
bacteria present hai aur bachche ke muh me halka sab hi ghaw ya kat hai, to
unki yah aadat unhe tetanus ka shikar bana sakti hai.
Tetanus vaccine in Pregenency
Pregenency ke samay mother ko
tetanus ki tikka isliye di jati hai, kyonki delivery ke turant baad vaccine
nahi di ja sakati hai, us waqt maa se mili immunity hi use bachati hai. Isliye
delivery ke shuruat me “Tetanus toxide” (TT) ki 2 dose di jati hai. Yah
placenta ke through hone wale bachche ko bhi safe rakhati hai. Agar pregenency
se pahale 3 sal ke ander tetanus ka tikka nahi laga hai, to 3rd dose
bhi di jati hai.
{sirf
badon ko hi nahi, bachchon ko bhi regular tikke lagwane chahiye, isake sath hi
pura record bhi rakhana chahiye ki kon sa tikka kab laga}.
Bachchon ko kab lagwayen tetanus ka tikka
- 6 weak ke new born baby ko DPT, first dose.
- 10 weak me DPT, second dose.
- 14 weak me DPT, third dose.
- 16-24 month ke bich DPT, first booster dose.
- 5 years me DPT, second booster dose.
- 10 years me “Tetanus toxide” ka tikka.
- 16 years me “Tetanus toxide” ka tikka.
(isake
baad every 5 years par “tetanus toxide” booster dose.).(DPT—diphtheria,tetanus
& kali khansi se bachane ke liye combined tikka ya vaccine hai.).
Tetanus vaccine
Agar aapko koi janwar ne kat liya
hai to aapko 24 ghante ke bhitar tetanus ka vaccine le lena chahiye. Dr. Inki do
wajahen batate hai. Pahali – jab bhi koi janwar ya dog katata hai, tab yah nahi
pata hota hai ki us samay infection kitana hua hai. Dog ke bite me bacteria ho
sakata hai ya phir us waqt jaamin par girane se mitti me moujud bacteria ghaw
tak pahunch sakta hai.
Dusari wajah safety hai. Humlogon
yaani bhartiye ko vaccination history yaad nahi rahti. Unhe bilkul bhi yaad
nahi reahti hai ki kon sa tikka kab laga hai. Isliye kisi janwar ke katane par
unhe tetanus ka booster dose di jati hai, taki we infection se bach sake.
Vaccine every 5 years
Normally ek bar koi infection ho
jane par us infection ke prati us person me immunity develop ho jati hai.
Lekin, tetanus bacteria ka infection hone par us person ko kabhi immunity nahi
aati hai. Sirf tikka laga kar hi isse bacha ja sakta hai. Isake sath hi tikke
ka asar bhi jyada din tak nahi rahta hai, isliye every 5 years me isaki booster
dose di jati hai.
(only
3 dashak pahale tetanus itani jyada jaane le rah tha ki WHO ko puri duniya me
isake khilaf abhiyan chhidana pada).
Tetanus par kabu(control)
- 1988
me duniya me 7,87,000 bachchon ki jan tetanus se ja rahi thi.
- 1989 me WHO ne is bimari ke khilaf abhiyan shuru kiya.
- 2010 me duniya ke karib 50,000 bachchon ki jan gayi.
- 2015 tak bharat ke sath aur kai deshon ne tikakaran se kafi had tak ispar kabu pa liya.
- 2019 me tetanus ne bharat ke 7,332 logo ko jndagi chhini thi.
(source- WHO, awar world in deta)
Tetanus ka test
Americi health agency(CDC) ke
mutabik tetanus ke infection ka pata lagan eke liye ab tak koi test nahi ban
saka hai. Ise kisi pathology test se isake infection ka pata nahi lagaya ja
sakta hai. Aise situation me Dr. Wound, patient ki history, usaki physical test
& symptoms ke adhar par decide karate hai ki tetanus hua hai ya nahi.
3 se 21 din me dikhati hai Bimari
Health journal PMC ke mutabik agar
aapko tetanus ka infection hua hai to aapko 3 se 21 din ke bhitar tetanus ka
symptoms dikhane shuru ho jate hai. Next 2 weak me bimari gambhir ho jati hai.
Age us patient ko pahale se koi gambhir bimari hai ya phir ghaw bahut gahra hai
to bacteria usake sharir par teji failta hai. Kucch aise case bhi aaye hai,
jisme infection se dur hone me kai mhaine lag gaye hai.
Tetanus ka symptoms
Agar kisi ko tetanus ka infection hua hai to usake sath yah kuchh symptoms dekhane ko milata hai-
- Sans lene, khana nigalane & muh kholane me pareshani aati hai.
- Jaw, lip, neck ki muscles strength.
- Pure sharir aur pet me aenthan and muscles sakht hona.
- Patient ko doure padna.
- Tej headache, fever and pasina aana.
- Blood-pressure and Heart beat bar-bar badlana.
- Haath pair ka akadana, mutthi ka bandhana.
- Tej awaj ya halka touch se bhi muscles cramp hona.
(source- Jurnal PMC)
Tetanus ka treatment
Tetanus jaisi gambhir bimari hone par patient
ko kaise bachaya jata hai, isapar Dr. Ke mutabik, sabse pahale patient ki sans
lene wali naali ko control karate hai. Kyonki muscles ki hardness ki wajah se
wa sans nahi le pata hai. Jarurat ke
anusar use “ventilater” par bhi rakahte hai. Usake baad tetanus ke poision ko
neutral karane ke liye medicine dete hai. Usake baad blood pressure normal
karane and muscles ki hardness ko kam karane ke liye medicine dete hai. Usake
sath patient ko immunity badhane ke liye vaccine bhi di jati hai.
Aapko is baat ko achchhe se jan lena
hai ki aaj bhale hi vaccine se ise kuchh had tak control kar liya gaya hai,
lekin yah aaj bhi utana hi janleva hai. Isliye chot lagane par laparwahi bhari
pad sakati hai. Isliye isse bachaw hi sabse behtar hai.
To dosto aaj humne duniya ke
sabse purani janlewa bimari ke bare me details me jana hai. Jani gayi jankari
ko apane life me ya daily routine me follow bhi karna hai, tabhi aap itani
dangerous bimari se bach sakte hai. Ummid karate hai yah jankari aapko swasth
rahane me bahut help karegi.
0 टिप्पणियाँ:
Thank you to visit and comment.